American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism

When rats are offered a high-fat diet, they overeat for the first few days, and then energy intake decreases to a lower, stable level. Experiments described here demonstrate that leptin receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus of rats are required for this overeating. Loss of these receptors appears to result in an increased preference for sucrose solution but a greater precision of the control of energy intake.

In postlaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) patients with enhanced disposition index, the standard OGTT resulted in postprandial reactive hypoglycemia, precluding accurate assessment of glucose tolerance. Glucose-induced glicentin and GLP-1 secretions were implicated in this phenomenon. However, a mixed meal test using 75-g carbohydrate, fat, and protein attenuated such reactive hypoglycemia, providing an accurate assessment of glucose tolerance through attenuation of both glicentin and GLP-1 oversecretions and enhanced GIP and glucagon secretions in post-LSG patients.

A dietary intervention following incretin analog treatment restores adipose tissue function and maintains body weight and glucose homeostasis.

Accurate measures of insulin regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis (free fatty acid release rates) in humans can be accomplished using a two-step, hyperinsulinemic clamp experimental design, but careful scrutiny of the data is needed. The FFApalmitate IC50 measure is reproducible in weight-stable adults and responds to treatment interventions in a quantitative manner.