Innovative Methodology

A shift from glycolytic and fatty acid derivatives toward one-carbon metabolites in the developing lung during transitions of the early postnatal period

Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana

Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana

Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana

Correspondence: D. D. Lee ([email protected]); M. A. Schwarz ([email protected]).

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Sang Jun Park

Department of Preprofessional Studies, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana

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Kirsten L. Zborek

Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana

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, and

Margaret A. Schwarz

Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana

Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana

Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana

Correspondence: D. D. Lee ([email protected]); M. A. Schwarz ([email protected]).

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Published Online:13 Apr 2021https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00417.2020

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Abstract

During postnatal lung development, metabolic changes that coincide with stages of alveolar formation are poorly understood. Responding to developmental and environmental factors, metabolic changes can be rapidly and adaptively altered. The objective of the present study was to determine biological and technical determinants of metabolic changes during postnatal lung development. Over 118 metabolic features were identified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS, Sciex QTRAP 5500 Triple Quadrupole). Biological determinants of metabolic changes were the transition from the postnatal saccular to alveolar stages and exposure to 85% hyperoxia, an environmental insult. Technical determinants of metabolic identification were brevity and temperature of harvesting, both of which improved metabolic preservation within samples. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed the transition between stages of lung development as the period of major metabolic alteration. Of three distinctive groups that clustered by age, the saccular stage was identified by its enrichment of both glycolytic and fatty acid derivatives. The critical transition between stages of development were denoted by changes in amino acid derivatives. Of the amino acid derivatives that significantly changed, a majority were linked to metabolites of the one-carbon metabolic pathway. The enrichment of one-carbon metabolites was independent of age and environmental insult. Temperature was also found to significantly influence the metabolic levels within the postmortem sampled lung, which underscored the importance of methodology. Collectively, these data support not only distinctive stages of metabolic change but also highlight amino acid metabolism, in particular one-carbon metabolites as metabolic signatures of the early postnatal lung.

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